Fenerbahce SK, which established in 1907, is the one football team out of Turkcell Super League's best for teams. It became champion 17 times and its best degree is that it played at quarter final in champions league. Fenerbahce is known as a rich club in Turkey but although Fenerbahce spend milion euros, it doesn' reach its goal.
GALATASARAY SK
Galatasaray SK, which was set up in 1905, is the one football team out of Turkcell Super League's best for teams. It became champion 17 times. It won the UEFA cup and UEFA SUPER cup in 2000.
BESIKTAS JK
Beşiktaş JK, which was established in 1903, is the oldest team in Turkey. It won championships 11 times at Turkey League. It gained popularity with its supporter group. Its sporter group, which is " ÇARŞI ", has broken the world record. Beşiktaş JK's the worst degree in Europe is that it lost the match which was played against Liverpool with 8-0 score.
Topkapı Palace
The Topkapı Palace ( Turkish: Topkapı Sarayı ) or in Ottoman: is a palace in Istanbul, Turkey, which was the official and primary residence in the city of the Ottoman Sultans, from 1465 to 1853. The palace was a setting for state occasions and royal antertainments and is a major tourist attraction today. The name directly translates as " Cannongate Palace ", from the palace being named after a nearby, now lost gate.
Initial construction started in 1459, ordered by Sultan Mehmed II, The conqueror of Byzantine Constantinople. The palace is complex made up of four main courtyards and many smaller buildings. At the height of its existence as a royal residence, the palace was home to as many as 4,000 people, formerly covering a larger area with a long shoreline. The complex has been expanded over the centuries, with many renovations such as after the 1509 earhquake and 1665 fire.
Topkapı Palace gradully lost its importance at the end of the 17th century, as the Sultans preferred to spend more time in their new palaces along the Bosporus. In 1853, Sultan Abdül Mecid l decided to move the court to the newly built Dolmabahçe Palace, the first European-style palace in the city. Some functions, such as the imperial treasury, the library, mosque and mint , were retained though.
After the end of the Ottoman Empire in 1921, Topkapı Palace was transformed by government decree on April 3, 1924 into a museum of the imperial era. The Topkapı Palace Museum is under the administration of the Ministry Culture and Tourism. The palace complex has hundreds of rooms and chambers, but only the most important are accessible to the public today. The complex is guarded by officials of the ministry as well as armed huards of the Turkish military. The palace is full of examples of Ottaman architecture and also contains large collections of porcelein, robes, weapons, shields, armor, Ottoman miniatures, Islamic calligraphic manuscripts and murals, as well as a display of Ottoman treasure and jewelry.
Tourist attraction
Pamukkale is a tourist attraction. It is recognized as a World Heritage Sites together with Hierapolis. A few other places in the world resemble it , including the Mamoth Hot Srings in the USA and Huanglong in Sichuran Province of China ( another UNESCO World Heritage Site). Hierapolies-Pamukkale was made a World Heritage Site in 1988.
Before the World Heritage designation, Pamukkle went unprotected for decades in the late 20th century and hotels were built on top of the site, destroying parts of the remains of Hierapolis. Hot water from the spring was taken of fiil the hotel pools and the waste water was spilled over the mounment itself, turning it brownish. A tarmac road ramp was built into the main part. People walked around with shoes, washed themselves with soap and shampoo in the pools and rode bikes and motorbikes up and down the slopes.
By the time UNESCO turned its attention to Pamukkale, the site was losing its attraction. Officials made attempts to restore the site. The hotels were demolished, and the road ramp was covered with artificial pools which today are accessible to bare-footed tourists, unlke most other parts of the site. A small trench was carved along the outside of the ramp to collect the water and prevent it from spilling. The brownish parts have been left to be bleached by the sun without being covered by water to diminish the problem. Therefore many pools are empty. Others parts are covered with water for an hour or two, on a rotating schedule.
The underground valcanic activity which causes the hot springs also forced carbon dioxide into a cave. The result was called the Plutonium meaning place of the god, Pluto. Tadpoles can be found in the pools.
Pamukkale
Pamukkale, meaning "cotton castle" in Turkish, is a natural site and attraction in south-western Turkey in the Denizli Province Pamukkale is located in Turkey's Inner Aegean region, in the River Menderes valley, which enjoys a temperate climate over the greater part of the year.
The ancient city of Hierapolis was built on top of the white "castle" which is in total about 2700 meters long and 160m high. It can be seen from the hills on the opposite side of the valley in the twon of Denizli, 20 km away.
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